地質(zhì)行業(yè)屬于我國的基礎(chǔ)性行業(yè)，它在我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中起著基礎(chǔ)性和先行性的作用。隨著全球能源與資源類商品的緊缺，地質(zhì)行業(yè)又開始獲得了新的發(fā)展，越來越多的企業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛投入資金，因此對(duì)地質(zhì)翻譯的需求也在持續(xù)的增加，要求也就變得越來越高了。今天，專業(yè)地質(zhì)翻譯公司——譯聲翻譯就給大家匯總了一些地質(zhì)翻譯工作中常用的英語詞匯，希望對(duì)那些從事地質(zhì)翻譯工作的小伙伴們能夠有所幫助！

一、地層stratigraphy

宇 eonothem

界 erathem

系 system

統(tǒng) series

階 stage

群 group

組 formation

段 member

顯生宇 Phaneozoic Eonothem

元古宇 ProterozoicEonothem

太古宇 Archaean Eonothem

新生界 Cenozoic Erathem

第四系 Quaternary System

全新統(tǒng) Holocene Series

更新統(tǒng) Pleistocene Series

第三系 Tertiary System

晚第三系 Neogene System

上新統(tǒng) Pliocene Series

中新統(tǒng) Miocene Series

早第三系 Paleogene System

漸新統(tǒng) Oligocene Series

始新統(tǒng) Eocene Series

古新統(tǒng) Paleocene Series

中生界 Mesozoic Erathem

白堊系 Cretaceous System

侏羅系 Jurassic System

三疊系 triassic System

古生界 Paleozoic Erathem

二疊系 Permian System

石炭系 Carboniferous System

泥盆系 Devonian System

志留系 Silurian System

奧陶系 Ordovician System

寒武系 Cambrian System

新元古界 NeoproterozoicErathem

震旦系 Sinian System

中元古界 Mesoproterozoic Erathem

古元古界 PalaeoproterozoicErathem

地層對(duì)比 stratigraphiccorrelation

層位 horizon

標(biāo)志層 key bed

啞層 barren bed

缺失 lacuna

尖滅 feather edge

透鏡狀結(jié)構(gòu) lensoid

連續(xù) continuity

不連續(xù) discontinuity

整合 conformity

不整合 unconformity

角度不整合 angular unconformity

平行不整合 para-unconformity

產(chǎn)狀 occurrence

走向 strike

傾角 dip

真傾角 true dip

視傾角 apparent dip

傾伏角 plunge

側(cè)傾角 pitch

層理 bedding

層面 bedding planes

交錯(cuò)層理 cross bedding

 

二、巖性lithology

粘土 clay

粉質(zhì)粘土 silty clay

砂 sand

礫石 gravel

沉積巖 sedimentaryrock

火成巖 igneousrock

變質(zhì)巖 metamorphicrock

粘土巖 claystone, clay rock

頁巖 shale

泥巖 mudstone

粉砂巖 siltstone

泥質(zhì)粉砂巖 argillaceous siltstone,pelitic siltstone,muddy siltstone

砂巖 sandstone

泥質(zhì)砂巖 argillaceous sandstone, pelitic sandstone, muddy sandstone

礫巖 conglomerate

煤 coal

灰?guī)r limestone

泥灰?guī)r marl, marlstone

白云巖 dolomite

蒸發(fā)巖 evaporite

巖漿巖 magmatic rock, magmatite

花崗巖 granite

玄武巖 basalt

凝灰?guī)r tuff

大理巖 marble

片麻巖 gneiss

夕卡巖 skarn

 

三、礦物mineral

石英 quartz

長石 feldspar

云母 mica

白云母 muscovite

方解石 calcspar

角閃石 hornblende

石膏 gypsum

硬石膏 anhydrite

石鹽 rock salt

鉀石鹽 sylvine

光鹵石 carnallite

溢晶石 tachydrite

水氯鎂石 bischofite

 

四、顏色colour

灰色 gray

白色 white

黃色 yellow

藍(lán)色 blue

綠色 green

黑色 black

紅色 red

棕色 brown

黃褐色 tan

深色 dark

淺色 light

暗色 dull

 

五、構(gòu)造tectonics

斷層 fault

正斷層 normal fault

逆斷層

 reverse fault

沖斷層 thrust

走滑斷層  strike-slip fault

傾滑斷層  dip-slip fault

斷層面 fault surface

斷層線 fault line

地壘 horst

地塹 graben

節(jié)理 joint

上盤 hanging wall

下盤 foot wall

落差 throw

平錯(cuò) heave

斷層泥 fault gouge

斷層角礫 fault brecci

海侵 transgression

海退 regression

褶曲 fold

背斜 anticline

向斜 syncline

褶軸 fold axis

軸隆區(qū) culmination

軸陷區(qū) depression

翼 limb

穹窿  dome

盆地 basin

 

六、水文地質(zhì)hydrologic geology

河流river

水庫 reservoir

泉 spring

地表水 surface water

地下水 groundwater

大氣降水a(chǎn)tmospheric precipitation

潛水phreatic water

承壓水confined water

層間水interstrated water

地下水位 groundwater level

含水層aquifer, water bearing layer

隔水層aquiclude, water-resistinglayer

弱含水層aquitard

透水層permeable bed

孔隙含水層porous aquifer

裂隙含水層fissured aquifer

巖溶含水層karst aquifer

無壓含水層unconfined aquifer

承壓含水層confined aquifer

含水巖組water-bearingformation

含水巖系water-bearing rock series

持水度water-holding capacity

給水度specific yield

透水性permeability

富水性water yield property

溶洞karst cave

孔隙水pore water

裂隙水fissure water

巖溶水karst water

補(bǔ)給區(qū) recharge area

徑流區(qū) runoff area

排泄區(qū) discharge area

地下徑流 underground runoff

地下水排泄 groundwater discharge

降水補(bǔ)給precipitation recharge

地表水補(bǔ)給 surface waterrecharge

越流補(bǔ)給 leakage recharge

水文地質(zhì)單元hydrogeological unit

地下水賦存條件 groundwater occurrence

水文地質(zhì)條件hydrogeological condition

水文地質(zhì)類型hydrogeological type

地下水儲(chǔ)存量 groundwater storage

地下水監(jiān)測(cè) groundwatermonitoring

抽水試驗(yàn) pumping test

注水試驗(yàn) injection test

入滲試驗(yàn) Infiltration test

水文調(diào)查hydrologic investigation

滲透系數(shù)osmoticcoefficient

礦床充水flooding of ore deposit

礦床充水條件flooding condition of oredeposit

礦床充水水源Water source of ore depositflooding

礦床充水通道flooding passage in ore deposit

充水巖層flooding layer

老窿水goaf water

礦坑涌水量water yield of mine

正常涌水量normal water yield

最大涌水量maximum water yield

大井法Large diameter well method

開采疏干simultaneousdraining in mining

地下疏干underground draining

地表疏干surfacedraining

疏干鉆孔drainwell

疏干巷道drainingtunnel

礦井突水water bursting in mines

突水點(diǎn)water bursting point

防水礦柱ore pillarpreventing water burst

礦井堵水water blocking in mines

探水鉆孔water exploration borehole

注漿孔grouting well

最高洪水位 maximum flood level

 

七、工程地質(zhì)egineering geology

頂板 roof

頂板穩(wěn)定性 roof stability

頂板冒落帶 caving zone of topwall

頂板裂隙帶 fissure zone of topwall

頂板管理 roof control

頂板支護(hù) roof support

頂板崩落 collapse of roof

底板 floor, footwall

底鼓 footwall heaving

巖石物理性質(zhì) physical propertiesof rock

巖石力學(xué)性質(zhì) mechanicalproperties of rock

抗壓強(qiáng)度compressive strength

抗拉強(qiáng)度 tensilestrength

巖爆 rock burst

軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面 weak structuralplane

工程地質(zhì)條件 engineering geologiccondition

 

八、環(huán)境地質(zhì)environmental geology

巖崩 rock fall

滑坡 landslide

泥石流 mud-rock flow

地震 earthquake

地面沉降 subsidence

地面開裂 land crack

地面塌陷 ground surface collapse

塌陷坑 collapse pit

地下水污染 groundwater pollution

地表水污染 surface waterpollution

污染源pollution source

地下水資源枯竭 groundwater resourcedepletion

地下水質(zhì)惡化 deterioration of groundwaterquality

 

九、資源/儲(chǔ)量resource/reserve

礦產(chǎn)資源mineralresources

儲(chǔ)量 reserves

基礎(chǔ)儲(chǔ)量 reserve base

資源量 resources

可采儲(chǔ)量 proved reserves

預(yù)可采儲(chǔ)量 probable reserves

探明的 measured

控制的 indicated

推斷的 inferred

預(yù)測(cè)的prognostic

遠(yuǎn)景儲(chǔ)量 prospective reserves

經(jīng)濟(jì)的 economic

邊際經(jīng)濟(jì)的 marginally economic

次經(jīng)濟(jì)的 subeconomic

內(nèi)蘊(yùn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的intrinsically economic

礦石 ore

礦層 orebed

礦床 ore deposit

礦塊 ore block

礦柱 ore pillar, ore column

礦石品位 ore grade

富礦體 ore shoot, orecourse

貧礦 poor ore