法律是每個(gè)國(guó)家立國(guó)根本，在法律翻譯的過(guò)程中是最為要求嚴(yán)格的。法律類別多種多樣，翻譯時(shí)需要注意的事項(xiàng)也非常之多，下面我們就來(lái)了解一下典型法律禁令句型應(yīng)該怎么翻譯。

　　一、不得字句：用不得字句表達(dá)禁止性規(guī)范，莊重嚴(yán)肅，簡(jiǎn)潔明快。

　　不得一般譯作shall not, 然而不能常譯為may not,這和英文中一些否定表達(dá)方法對(duì)應(yīng)一致，故不再重復(fù)。要注意根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇程度不同的否定表達(dá)方式。例1：沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)是沒(méi)收犯罪分子個(gè)人所有財(cái)產(chǎn)的一部分或者全部。在判處沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)的時(shí)候，不得沒(méi)收屬于犯罪分子家屬所有或者應(yīng)有的財(cái)產(chǎn)。(刑法第五十九條)

　　參考譯文：Confiscation of property refers to the confiscation of part of all of the property personally owned by a criminal. When a sentence of confiscation of property is imposed, property that the criminal’s family member owns or should own shall not be subject to confiscation.

　　與不得語(yǔ)義相近的還有不許，不準(zhǔn)，不能等。例2：判決宣告以前一人犯數(shù)罪的，除判處死刑和無(wú)期徒刑的以外，應(yīng)當(dāng)在總和刑期以下、數(shù)刑中最高刑期以上，酌情決定執(zhí)行的刑期;但是管制最高不能超過(guò)三年，拘役最高不能超過(guò)一年，有期徒刑最高不能超過(guò)二十年。

　　參考譯文：For a criminal who commits several crimes before a judgment is pronounced, unless he is sentenced to death or life imprisonment, his term of punishment shall be decided in such a way that it may not exceed the total of the terms for all the crimes and must be longer than the maximum term for any one of the crimes, depending on the circumstances of each case. However, the term of public surveillance may not exceed three years, the term of criminal detention may not exceed one year, and fixed-term imprisonment may not exceed twenty years.

　　二、禁止字句：禁止字句在漢譯英的過(guò)程中通常譯為be prohibited 句式。

　　例1 禁止證券交易內(nèi)幕信息的知情人和非法獲取內(nèi)幕信息的人利用內(nèi)幕信息從事證券交易活動(dòng)。

　　參考譯文：Persons possessing inside information relating to securities trading and persons obtaining such information unlawfully are prohibited from making use of such inside information in securities trading activities.

　　禁止任何人利用任何手段擾亂社會(huì)秩序。擾亂社會(huì)秩序情節(jié)嚴(yán)重，致使工作、生產(chǎn)、營(yíng)業(yè)和教學(xué)、科研無(wú)法進(jìn)行，國(guó)家和社會(huì)遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p失的，對(duì)首要分子處五年以下有期徒刑、拘役、管制或者剝奪政治權(quán)利。

　　參考譯文： it shall be prohibited for anyone to disturb public order by any means. If the circumstances of the public disturbance are so serious that work, production, business, education or scientific research cannot be conducted and the state and society suffer serious losses, the ringleaders shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

　　三、處字句：用處字句表示禁止性規(guī)范有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

　　其一，在語(yǔ)義上，與不得字句不同的是，它用具體的制裁來(lái)表示禁令。其二，在結(jié)構(gòu)上，主語(yǔ)往往為的字結(jié)構(gòu)，突出犯罪主體或犯罪行為，簡(jiǎn)介莊重;謂語(yǔ)部分的處字突出對(duì)犯罪主體或犯罪行為的處置。處字句一般為被動(dòng)句，為使行為簡(jiǎn)潔，實(shí)施(司法機(jī)關(guān))一般不出現(xiàn)。有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)義明確，實(shí)施(司法機(jī)關(guān))也可以出現(xiàn)，通常譯為be sentenced to句式。請(qǐng)看下例：策動(dòng)、勾引、收買國(guó)家工作人員、武裝部隊(duì)、人民警察、民兵投敵叛變或者叛亂的，處無(wú)期徒刑或者十年以上有期徒刑。刑法第九十三條

　　參考譯文：Whoever instigates lures or bribes a state functionary or a member of the armed forces, the people’s police or the people’s militia to defect to the enemy and turn traitor or to rise in rebellion shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.