摘要: 減譯法是指原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來(lái)，因?yàn)樽g文中雖無(wú)其詞而已有其意，或者在譯文中是不言而喻的，換言之，減譯法是刪去ー...

　　和其他一切事物一樣，翻譯也是有增必有減。懂了增譯法之后自然也就會(huì)懂得什么是減譯法。它是增譯法的反面：以同一個(gè)譯例來(lái)說(shuō)，在英譯漢中如果用增澤法的話(huà)，在漢譯英中自然就要用減譯法了。

　　關(guān)于減譯法，應(yīng)該記住這樣一條總原則：減譯法是指原文中有些詞在譯文中不譯出來(lái)，因?yàn)樽g文中雖無(wú)其詞而已有其意，或者在譯文中是不言而喻的; 換言之，減譯法是刪去ー些可有可無(wú)的，或者有了反嫌累贅或違背譯文習(xí)慣表達(dá)法的詞，但減譯并不是把原文的某些思想內(nèi)容刪去。

　　此外，冠詞、連詞、代詞(尤其是人稱(chēng)代詞、關(guān)系代詞)、關(guān)系副詞，等等，在英語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常使用，但譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)幾乎很少出現(xiàn)，要使譯文忠實(shí)而地道， 減譯法就自然必不可少了：例如：

　　1. A book is useful.

　　書(shū)(是)有用(的)。

　　2. The earlh goes around the sun.

　　地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

　　3. On Sundays we have no school.

　　禮拜天我們不上學(xué)。

　　4. Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like.

　　賓利先生風(fēng)度翩翩，彬彬有禮。

　　5. A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue.

　　聰明的人是不會(huì)娶有才無(wú)德的女子為妻的。

　　6. If you write to him, the response would be absolute silence and void.

　　你寫(xiě)信給他，總是石沉大海。

　　7. Sunday is the day when I am least busy.

　　星期天我最不忙。

　　8. Could you help me in any way?

　　你能幫幫我嗎?

　　9. Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.

　　冬天是研究樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)的最好的季節(jié)，雖則樹(shù)葉落了，樹(shù)枝光了，但樹(shù)木本身卻是美麗的。

　　10. He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.

　　他雙手插進(jìn)口袋，然后聳了聳雙肩。

　　11. Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist.

　　不承認(rèn)這個(gè)事實(shí)，就不是唯物主義者。

　　12. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.

　　這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家，土地遼闊，人口眾多，資源豐富。(或：這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家地大物博，人口眾多。)

　　13. 我們要培養(yǎng)分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力。

　　We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.

　　14. 要推遲戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)，就要反對(duì)那樣的綏靖政策，不管是軍事的、政治的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的綏靖，都要反對(duì)。

　　To delay the outbreak of war, it is necessary (or essential) to oppose the policy of appeasement like that, militarily, politically and economically.

　　15. Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China.

　　新中國(guó)處處可以看到新人、新事物。

　　16. 他們?yōu)閲?guó)家做的事，比我們所做的多得多。

　　They have done much more for the state than we have.

　　17. 郭沫若同志曾說(shuō)：中國(guó)人民歷來(lái)是勇于探索、勇于創(chuàng)造、勇于革命的。

　　Comrade Guo Moruo once said: "The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution. "

　　18. 質(zhì)子帶陽(yáng)電，電子帶陰電，而中子既不帶陽(yáng)電，也不帶陰電。

　　A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, bur a neutron has neither.

　　19. When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in ihc south there is still light in the north.

　　東方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。

　　20. It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.

　　說(shuō)有飯大家吃并不完全正確。

　　21. Eight o'clock found Franz up and dressed.

　　八點(diǎn)鐘，弗蘭茲起床穿衣。