譯聲翻譯公司精品翻譯文章導(dǎo)讀：

利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)提高翻譯質(zhì)量的主要方法如下：

(1)搜尋多種參考譯文,對比不同譯文,取長補(bǔ)短,發(fā)展批判性思維,以便提高自己的譯文質(zhì)量。
(2)尋找網(wǎng)上有關(guān)譯文的評論,進(jìn)一步發(fā)進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行分析判斷。
(3)利用電腦WORD 功能,搜尋同義詞,選擇適合有關(guān)語境的高雅詞匯,提高文學(xué)翻譯的質(zhì)量。
(4)利用Google,查詢詞組搭配的頻率,以確定其正確性和地道程度。
(5)利用Google確定語法結(jié)構(gòu)的正確性或常用程度。

原漢語如下: (暮色中,河灣里落滿云霞,與天際的顏色混合在一起, 分不清哪是流云哪是水灣。) 也就在這一幅絢爛的圖畫旁邊,在河灣之畔,一群羊正在低頭覓食。它們幾乎沒有一個(gè)顧得上抬起頭來,看一眼這美麗的黃昏。也許它們要抓緊時(shí)間,在即將回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。這是黃河灘上的一幕。牧羊人不見了,他不知在何處息。只有這些生靈自由自在地享受著這個(gè)黃昏。這兒水草肥美,讓它們長得肥滾滾的。如果走近了,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們潔白的牙齒,以及那豐富而單純的表情。

一，首先使用第一招：利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索各種譯文

 網(wǎng)上譯文1 (筆者修改了個(gè)別不值得評論的明顯筆誤): 
        Beside this picture with profusions of colors,a group of sheep are lowing their heads,eating by the river bank.Hardly any of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk.They are, perhaps,taking use of every mi-nute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home.This is a picture of the YellowRiver bank,inwhichthe shepherd disappe-ars,and no one knows where he is resting himself.Only the sheep,however,as free creatures,are joyfully appreciating the dus-k.The exuberant water plants have nurtured the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near,you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial expressions. 
 

 網(wǎng)上譯文2 (官方譯文) 
        It is by the riverside, which itself makes really imposing scenery, that the flock of sheep were grazing silently. Almost none
of them had any time to raise their heads to take a look at the beautiful dusk. Perhaps theywere losing no time to take a last chew before returning home. This is what happened on the bank of the Yellow River, where there was no sign of the shepherd. No one knewwhere he was resting, and the creatures were left alone to enjoy the dusk. Here the water was abundant and the grass luxuriant, which made the sheep grow fat. If approaching, you could find theirwhite teeth, aswell as their rich but unso-phisticated expressions. 
 

網(wǎng)上譯文3: 
        (At dusk, when the inlet is filled by setting clouds with their colors blended so seamlessly into the horizon afar, all distin-ctions between the fleeing clouds and the inlet below cease to exist.) Just a tad off this splendid natural scene is a sheep herd that wanders around the river bank for an evening browse. They hardly ever bothered to look up over their heads to have glim-pses of this beautiful sunset. Perhaps they have no time for anything other than the last morsels before heading back to their corral. This is staple at the shores of the (upper) Yellow River. Nowhere to be seen is the sheep-herder, and unknown is his reposing place. These beautiful creatures alone are here to have unlimited enjoyment in the sunset. So succulent is the riparian vegetation that the sheep thus fed are plump, much like chubby boys. At close proximity, their lovely eyes, snow white teeth, rich yet innocent looks become ever more apparent. 
 

二，尋找網(wǎng)上有關(guān)譯文的評論,進(jìn)一步發(fā)進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行分析判斷

網(wǎng)友的貼子,對譯文1提出了批評意見,如: 
        (1) profusion是不可數(shù)名詞。 
        (2) group雖然勉強(qiáng)可用,但專八應(yīng)該考是否會(huì)用flock或herd這些字。 
        (3) approaching已經(jīng)是靠近,不用加near。 
        (4)八級(jí)的吃草應(yīng)該用grazing, 一級(jí)才叫eating。

三，利用電腦WORD 功能,搜尋同義詞,選擇適合有關(guān)語境的高雅詞匯,提高文學(xué)翻譯的質(zhì)量。 
 

 鑒于以上翻譯屬文學(xué)翻譯,絢爛的圖畫如果僅僅譯成簡單的beautiful picture,似乎文學(xué)味不足。譯文2、3分別選用了imposing和splendid。但是否還有其他譯法呢?我們可利用電腦中WORD的功能來查找同義詞、相關(guān)詞,其速度很快,轉(zhuǎn)眼之間即可查到。例如,選中涂黑imposing后,在工具欄中選擇語言,進(jìn)而選擇同義詞庫,得到一列同義或相關(guān)詞匯,最后從各種同義詞中選擇自己認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯。在imposing處可發(fā)現(xiàn)impressive, magnificent, grand等可替換的詞匯。Splendid的同義詞有superb, impressive, marve-lous, magnificent等。此外,學(xué)生還可在獨(dú)立思考的基礎(chǔ)上,借助電腦改進(jìn)譯文。例如,學(xué)生很容易想到bea-utiful一詞,然后可查到gorgeous, lovely, picturesque, charming, wonderful, magnificent, superb等。如果過去曾在精讀或文學(xué)作品中看到過gorgeous sunset/ scene這些詞組,這時(shí)原來的消極知識(shí)便被激活了,從而用于改進(jìn)自己的譯文。還有些學(xué)生讀到了原文中的云霞、顏、絢爛的圖畫等詞組后,想到color, colorful clouds等單詞。但在文學(xué)翻譯中不妨選用符合上下文的高雅詞語。這時(shí)學(xué)生可查找color的同義詞。在電腦同義詞庫的提示下,可能會(huì)想到tint 是一個(gè)適合以上語境的高水平用詞。選擇同義詞可多次進(jìn)行。可在已被選到的tint的基礎(chǔ)上,再選其同義詞,這時(shí)又可發(fā)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)適合于文學(xué)翻譯的同義詞hue。 
        以上學(xué)生的選詞過程可總結(jié)為:顏色 color tinthue。用同樣辦法可查出colorful的同義詞:multi-colored, multi- hued。(但有些同義詞,如gaudy,不適合以上語境。所以使用同義詞庫仍應(yīng)以一定的語言功底為基礎(chǔ)。) 現(xiàn)如要翻譯以上絢爛的圖畫中的圖畫,也可采用相似的辦法?？上葏⒖季W(wǎng)上譯文所使用的scenery、picture等詞匯,然后在電腦同義詞庫中可找出以下適當(dāng)?shù)奶娲~匯: sce-nery ,landscape, panorama, view, backdrop, backgroundscene;pictureimage, portrait 在文學(xué)翻譯中應(yīng)避免重復(fù)用詞,以體現(xiàn)詞語的多樣性。原漢語中開始處有暮色,隨后同義詞黃昏出現(xiàn)了兩次, 如果都譯成dusk,則英譯文顯得單調(diào)。根據(jù)前面的辦法,我們可選用一些同義詞,如twilight, sunset, sundown,或when the sun is setting等。美麗的黃昏可譯成the gorgeous/ magnificent  twilight/ sunset等。 
 

四，利用Google,查詢詞組搭配的頻率,以確定其正確性和地道程度。

在Google中調(diào)查英語搭配是否常用、地道有時(shí)僅依靠WORD的同義詞庫還不夠,還需要到Google 中開展調(diào)查。例如網(wǎng)上譯文1提供了profusions of colors的譯法;網(wǎng)友又提出了批評意見,認(rèn)為不應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)profusions。究竟應(yīng)使用profusions of colors還是a profusion of colors?有時(shí)在非重點(diǎn)院校沒人有把握回答此問題,這時(shí)不妨求助網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源。在Google的檢索框中輸入以下兩個(gè)帶雙引號(hào)的詞組,可立即查出它們的出現(xiàn)頻率:a profusion of colors:11,200 profusions of colors:3 進(jìn)一步查看profusions of colo-rs出現(xiàn)的語境,全部是2007年的八級(jí)考試參考譯文。換言之,沒有一個(gè)英語本族人用過profusions of colors這個(gè)詞組。于是,我們的學(xué)生便可糾正網(wǎng)上提供的譯文,改用a profusion of colors。網(wǎng)上參考譯文中出現(xiàn)了a group of sheep、the flock of sheep、a sheep herd三種譯法。采用group明顯用詞過嫩。由于羊群首次出現(xiàn),似乎定冠詞the也不妥。那么該使用flock 還是herd,還是兩者均可呢? Google的檢索結(jié)果如下: 
        a flock of sheep:279,000 
        a herd of sheep: 58,000 
        a sheep herd:　　5,800 
        可見flock是首選詞,herd也正確。如果對herd的使用沒有把握,可檢查被檢索出的各項(xiàng)中是否有英語本族人寫的文章。如有,就是可靠的。如果有條件,還可到英美報(bào)刊的數(shù)據(jù)庫中去檢索。筆者搜索了1980年以來的The New York Times數(shù)據(jù)庫,發(fā)現(xiàn)了以下結(jié)果: 
        a flock of sheep:19 
        a herd of sheep:16 
        a sheep herd:　1 
        根據(jù)的實(shí)踐,在Google上檢索出的結(jié)果與在The New York Times中的檢索結(jié)果基本相符。雖然Google上有非本族英語者撰寫的文章,但絕大多數(shù)文章的英文質(zhì)量是好的,所以Google上的檢查結(jié)果基本可靠。由于中國學(xué)生通常無法進(jìn)入英語國家的數(shù)據(jù)庫,所以查詢Google也不失為一種簡便可行的辦法。 
 

五，利用Google確定語法結(jié)構(gòu)的正確性或常用程度。

在Google中調(diào)查英語語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確、常用鑒于網(wǎng)上譯文3使用了大量的倒裝句,文筆顯得十分老練,我們也不妨模仿一下,例如,我們不一定要寫A flock of sheep was/were grazing on the river bank, with their heads bent down。學(xué)生可模仿網(wǎng)上的倒裝句型,寫成On the river bank was/were a flock of sheep grazing with their heads bent down. 與a flock of sheep連用的動(dòng)詞究竟應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)、單數(shù)或 兩者皆可?如果考慮到sheep是復(fù)數(shù),似應(yīng)使用were;但如以flock為中心名詞,則應(yīng)使用單數(shù)的was。如果師生均無把握, 不妨依靠網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源: 
        a flock of sheep was2,080 
        a flock of sheep were3,150 
        以上數(shù)據(jù)表明,兩者都比較常用,復(fù)數(shù)略占優(yōu)勢。但在倒裝句中的情況就不同了。檢索時(shí),需要注意技巧。以下兩個(gè)詞組太長,檢索結(jié)果為零,不能說明問題。 on the river bank were a flock of sheep0 on the river bank was a flock of sheep0 將詞組縮短后的檢索結(jié)果如下: 
        were a flock of sheep6,710 
        was a flock of sheep34,100 
        但以上檢索結(jié)果是不可靠的,因?yàn)閣ere/was的前部是開放的。如果全句是Thewhite dots on the grasslandwere a flock of sheep,那就不能說明a flock of sheep應(yīng)與were連用。因此,我們一方面要盡量使用短詞組,另一方面要對詞組予以封閉。以下添加there一個(gè)詞,既達(dá)到封閉的效果,又避免詞組過長: 
        there was a flock of sheep18,200 
        there were a flock of sheep0 
        檢索結(jié)果表明,不應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)的were。通過以上對電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源的充分利用,現(xiàn)我們不妨將以上第一句也就在這一幅絢爛的圖畫旁邊,在河灣之畔,一群羊正在低頭覓食改譯如下: Beside this multi-hued/multi- colored/splendid/gorgeous/magnificent scene/ view/l andscape/  panorama (Beside this scene with a profusion of colors), on the river bank, was a flock of sheep grazing with their heads bent down. 
        此外,對于原漢語結(jié)尾處的如果走近了,網(wǎng)上譯文有 When approaching near和If approaching。此外,還有人譯為
If approaching them。除了near可刪除外,究竟應(yīng)使用及物 動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞?應(yīng)使用If還是When? Google檢索結(jié)果如下: 
        If approaching 54,400 
        以上調(diào)查結(jié)果不可靠,因?yàn)閍pproaching后部沒有封閉, 所檢索的54, 400項(xiàng)包括了及物與不及物兩者,如If approaching from the south和If approaching margin limits.添加逗號(hào)也無效,因?yàn)镚oogle檢索中不考慮逗號(hào)。所檢索的If approaching, you實(shí)際上包括了If approaching you,。如果在you后面添加will,便有了明確結(jié)構(gòu): 
        If approaching, you will:0 
        If approaching, you can:0 
        If approaching them/it/him, you can/will 0 
        可見使用If approaching,的可能性不大?，F(xiàn)改用When: 
        When approaching, you will:2 
        When approaching, you can:7 
        可見approaching可作不及物動(dòng)詞用,但頻率不高。以下觀察approaching作及物動(dòng)詞使用的情況。 
        When approaching them, you can:1 
        When approaching it, you can:1 
        但將代詞換成各種名詞后,會(huì)有大量賓語,可見approaching作及物動(dòng)詞的頻率高。 
        結(jié)論:譯文中使用When approaching them較好。雖然網(wǎng)絡(luò)電腦能幫助我們改進(jìn)翻譯教學(xué),提高翻譯質(zhì)量,但畢竟翻譯是一門藝術(shù),還有大量網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)不能解決的問題。我們請教了一位本族英語教師,他認(rèn)為刪除When和If更好:-Approaching them, you will see their white teeth 

最終利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)翻譯的文章如下：

At dusk, on the surface of the distant river bend were colorful clouds, which blended/mixedwith (merged into) the tints of the sky on the horizon, making it difficult to distinguish (draw a distinction) between the clouds and the river. Beside this many-hued/multi-hued/multi-colored/splendid/ gorgeous/magnificent scene/view/landscape/panorama, on the river bank, was a flock of sheep grazing with their heads bent down. They could hardly afford the time to raise their heads to cast a glance at the gor-geous sunset. Perhaps theywere seizing the time to take last bites/chews before going home/being driven home. That was a scene on the bank of the YellowRiver. The shepherd was not in sight, and nobody knew where he was resting. Only those ani-mals /creatures were freely enjoying the twilight. Thanks to the plentiful water and luxuriant/lush/flourishing/exuberant grass,they had grown fat. Approaching them, you would see (A closer look/ inspectionwould reveal) their white teeth as well as their rich but mindless (unsophisticated/ vacant/ innocent) expressions.