Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(SPS)

　　實(shí)施動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的協(xié)議 ( SPS協(xié)定)

　　SPS協(xié)議全稱為《實(shí)施動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的協(xié)議》，對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的動(dòng)植物檢疫提出了具體的嚴(yán)格的要求，它是WTO協(xié)議原則滲透的動(dòng)植物檢疫工作的產(chǎn)物，是世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)在長(zhǎng)達(dá)8年之久的烏拉圭回合談判的一個(gè)重要的國(guó)際多邊協(xié)議成果。

　　Members, 各成員：

　　Reaffirming that no Member should be prevented from adopting or enforcing measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, subject to the requirement that these measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between Members where the same conditions prevail or a disguised restriction on international trade;

　　重申不應(yīng)阻止各成員采納或?qū)嵤楸Ｗo(hù)人類、動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康所必須的措施。只要這些措施的實(shí)施方式，不在情形相同的成員之間構(gòu)成任意或不合理的歧視，或?qū)?guó)際貿(mào)易構(gòu)成變相的限制;

　　Desiring to improve the human health, animal health and phytosanitary situation in all Members;

　　期望改善各成員的人民健康、動(dòng)物健康和植物衛(wèi)生狀況;

　　Noting that sanitary and phytosanitary measures are often applied on the basis of bilateral agreements or protocols;

　　注意到動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施通常以雙邊協(xié)議或議定書(shū)為基礎(chǔ)實(shí)施;

　　Desiring the establishment of a multilateral framework of rules and disciplines to guide the development, adoption and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in order to minimize their negative effects on trade;

　　期望建立規(guī)則和紀(jì)律的多邊框架，以指導(dǎo)動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的制定、采用和實(shí)施，從而使其對(duì)貿(mào)易的消極作用降到最小;

　　Recognizing the important contribution that international standards, guidelines and recommendations can make in this regard;

　　承認(rèn)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議可以在該領(lǐng)域能作出重大貢獻(xiàn);

　　Desiring to further the use of harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary measures between Members, on the basis of international standards, guidelines and recommendations developed by the relevant international organizations, including the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the relevant international and regional organizations operating within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention, without requiring Members to change their appropriate level of protection of human, animal or plant life or health;

　　期望進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)各成員使用以有關(guān)國(guó)際組織所制定的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議為基礎(chǔ)的統(tǒng)一的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，這些國(guó)際組織包括國(guó)際營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)，國(guó)際獸疫局，以及在國(guó)際植物保護(hù)公約框架下運(yùn)行的有關(guān)國(guó)際和區(qū)域組織;但不要求各成員改變其合理的保護(hù)人類、動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康的水平;

　　Recognizing that developing country Members may encounter special difficulties in complying with the sanitary or phytosanitary measures of importing Members, and as a consequence in access to markets, and also in the formulation and application of sanitary or phytosanitary measures in their own territories, and desiring to assist them in their endeavours in this regard;

　　承認(rèn)發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員在遵守進(jìn)口成員的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施方面可能遇到特殊的困難，進(jìn)而在市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入以及在其制定和實(shí)施國(guó)內(nèi)動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施方面也會(huì)遇到困難，期望在這方面給予他們幫助;

　　Desiring therefore to elaborate rules for the application of the provisions of GATT 1994 which relate to the use of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, in particular the provisions of Article XX(b);(1)

　　期望因此對(duì)如何實(shí)施1994年關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定中與動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施有關(guān)的條款，特別是第二十條(b)款的實(shí)施制定具體規(guī)則;

　　Hereby agree as follows: 協(xié)議如下：

　　Article 1: General Provisions第一條 總則

　　1. This Agreement applies to all sanitary and phytosanitary measures which may, directly or indirectly, affect international trade. Such measures shall be developed and applied in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

　　本協(xié)議適用于所有可能直接或間接影響國(guó)際貿(mào)易的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，這類措施應(yīng)按照本協(xié)議的條款來(lái)制定和實(shí)施。

　　2. For the purposes of this Agreement, the definitions provided in Annex A shall apply.

　　為本協(xié)議之目的，附件1中規(guī)定的定義都適用。

　　3. The annexes are an integral part of this Agreement.

　　各附件是本協(xié)議的不可分割的組成部分。

　　4. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights of Members under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade with respect to measures not within the scope of this Agreement.

　　對(duì)不在本協(xié)議范圍之內(nèi)的措施，本協(xié)議不應(yīng)影響各成員在技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘協(xié)議項(xiàng)下所享有的權(quán)利。

　　Article 2: Basic Rights and Obligations第二條 基本權(quán)利和義務(wù)

　　1. Members have the right to take sanitary and phytosanitary measures necessary for the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, provided that such measures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.

　　各成員有權(quán)采取為保護(hù)人類、動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康所必需的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，但這類措施不應(yīng)違背本協(xié)議的規(guī)定。

　　2. Members shall ensure that any sanitary or phytosanitary measureis applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, is based on scientific principles and is not maintained without sufficient scientific evidence, except as provided for in paragraph 7 of Article 5.

　　各成員應(yīng)確保任何動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的實(shí)施不超過(guò)為保護(hù)人類、動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康所必需的程度，并以科學(xué)原理為依據(jù)，如無(wú)充分的科學(xué)依據(jù)則不再實(shí)施，但第五條第7款規(guī)定的除外。

　　3. Members shall ensure that their sanitary and phytosanitary measures do not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between Members where identical or similar conditions prevail, including between their own territory and that of other Members. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures shall not be applied in a manner which would constitute a disguised restriction on international trade.

　　各成員應(yīng)確保其動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施不在情形相同或情形相似的成員之間，包括在成員自己境內(nèi)和其他成員領(lǐng)土之間構(gòu)成任意或不合理的歧視。動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的實(shí)施不應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際貿(mào)易構(gòu)成變相的限制。

　　4. Sanitary or phytosanitary measures which conform to the relevant provisions of this Agreement shall be presumed to be in accordance with the obligations of the Members under the provisions of GATT 1994 which relate to the use of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, in particular the provisions of Article XX(b).

　　符合本協(xié)議有關(guān)條款規(guī)定的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，應(yīng)被認(rèn)為符合各成員在1994年關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定有關(guān)采用動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的義務(wù)，特別是第二十條(b)款的規(guī)定。

　　Article 3: Harmonization第三條 協(xié)調(diào)一致

　　1. To harmonize sanitary and phytosanitary measures on as wide a basis as possible, Members shall base their sanitary or phytosanitary measures on international standards, guidelines or recommendations, where they exist, except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement, and in particular in paragraph 3.

　　為盡可能廣泛地協(xié)調(diào)動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，各成員的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施應(yīng)以國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議為依據(jù)，除非本協(xié)議，特別是第3款中另有規(guī)定。

　　2. Sanitary or phytosanitary measures which conform to international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall be deemed to be necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health, and presumed to be consistent with the relevant provisions of this Agreement and of GATT 1994.

　　符合國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施應(yīng)視為是保護(hù)人類、動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康所必需的，并被認(rèn)為符合本協(xié)議和1994年關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定有關(guān)條款的規(guī)定。

　　3. Members may introduce or maintain sanitary or phytosanitary measures which result in a higher level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection than would be achieved by measures based on the relevant international standards, guidelines or recommendations, if there is a scientific justification, or as a consequence of the level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection a Member determines to be appropriate in accordance with the relevant provisions of paragraphs 1 through 8 of Article 5 (2) Notwithstanding the above, all measures which result in a level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection different from that which would be achieved by measures based on international standards, guidelines or recommendations shall not be inconsistent with any other provision of this Agreement.

　　各成員可以實(shí)施或維持比以有關(guān)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議為依據(jù)的措施所提供的保護(hù)水平更高的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，但要有科學(xué)依據(jù)，或者一成員根據(jù)第五條第1款至第8款中有關(guān)條款規(guī)定，認(rèn)為該措施所提供的保護(hù)水平是合適的。除上述外，若某措施所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生保護(hù)水平不同于以國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議為依據(jù)制定的措施所提供的保護(hù)水平，則一概不可違背本協(xié)議中其他任何條款的規(guī)定。

　　4. Members shall play a full part, within the limits of their resources, in the relevant international organizations and their subsidiary bodies, in particular the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the international and regional organizations operating within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention, to promote within these organizations the development and periodic review of standards, guidelines and recommendations with respect to all aspects of sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

　　各成員應(yīng)盡其所能全面參與有關(guān)國(guó)際組織及其附屬機(jī)構(gòu)，特別是國(guó)際營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)，國(guó)際獸疫局，以及在國(guó)際植物保護(hù)公約框架下運(yùn)行的有關(guān)國(guó)際和區(qū)域組織，以便促進(jìn)在這些組織中對(duì)有關(guān)動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施各個(gè)方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議的制訂和定期審議。

　　5. The Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures provided for in paragraphs 1 and 4 of Article 12 (referred to in this Agreement as the Committee) shall develop a procedure to monitor the process of international harmonization and coordinate efforts in this regard with the relevant international organizations.

　　在第十二條第1和第4款中提到的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施委員會(huì)(本協(xié)議中簡(jiǎn)稱"委員會(huì)")應(yīng)制定程序，以監(jiān)督國(guó)際統(tǒng)一化進(jìn)程，并在這方面和有關(guān)國(guó)際組織協(xié)同努力。

　　Article 4: Equivalence第四條 同等對(duì)待

　　1. Members shall accept the sanitary or phytosanitary measures of other Members as equivalent, even if these measures differ from their own or from those used by other Members trading in the same product, if the exporting Member objectively demonstrates to the importing Member that its measures achieve the importing Member’s appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection. For this purpose, reasonable access shall be given, upon request, to the importing Member for inspection, testing and other relevant procedures.

　　如果出口成員客觀地向進(jìn)口成員表明它所采用的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施達(dá)到了進(jìn)口成員適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平，即使這些措施不同于進(jìn)口成員自己的措施，或不同于從事同一產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的其他成員所采用的措施，各成員應(yīng)同等地接受其他成員的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施。為此，根據(jù)請(qǐng)求，應(yīng)向進(jìn)口成員提供進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)、測(cè)試，以及執(zhí)行其他有關(guān)程序的合理的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　2. Members shall, upon request, enter into consultations with the aim of achieving bilateral and multilateral agreements on recognition of the equivalence of specified sanitary or phytosanitary measures.

　　各成員應(yīng)根據(jù)要求進(jìn)行磋商，以便就所規(guī)定的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施同等性的承認(rèn)達(dá)成雙邊和多邊協(xié)議。

　　Article 5: Assessment of Risk and Determination of the Appropriate Level of Sanitary or Phytosanitary Protection

　　第五條 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估以及適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平的確定

　　1. Members shall ensure that their sanitary or phytosanitary measures are based on an assessment, as appropriate to the circumstances, of the risks to human, animal or plant life or health, taking into account risk assessment techniques developed by the relevant international organizations.

　　各成員應(yīng)確保其動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施是依據(jù)適應(yīng)環(huán)境的對(duì)于人類、動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估，并考慮到由有關(guān)國(guó)際組織制定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估技術(shù)。

　　2. In the assessment of risks, Members shall take into account available scientific evidence; relevant processes and production methods; relevant inspection, sampling and testing methods; prevalence of specific diseases or pests; existence of pest- or disease-free areas; relevant ecological and environmental conditions; and quarantine or other treatment.

　　在進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估時(shí)，各成員應(yīng)考慮現(xiàn)有的科學(xué)依據(jù);有關(guān)的工序和生產(chǎn)方法;有關(guān)的檢驗(yàn)、抽樣和測(cè)試方法;某些病害或蟲(chóng)害的流行;病蟲(chóng)害非疫區(qū)的存在;有關(guān)的生態(tài)和環(huán)境條件;以及檢疫或其他處理方法。

　　3. In assessing the risk to animal or plant life or health and determining the measure to be applied for achieving the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection from such risk, Members shall take into account as relevant economic factors: the potential damage in terms of loss of production or sales in the event of the entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease; the costs of control or eradication in the territory of the importing Member; and the relative cost-effectiveness of alternative approaches to limiting risks.

　　各成員在評(píng)估對(duì)動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康構(gòu)成的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并決定采取措施達(dá)到適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平，以防止這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮下列相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素：由于蟲(chóng)害或病害的傳入、定居或傳播，對(duì)生產(chǎn)或銷售造成損失的潛在損害;在進(jìn)口成員領(lǐng)土上控制或根除的病蟲(chóng)害的成本;以及采用其他方法來(lái)控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的有關(guān)實(shí)際開(kāi)支。

　　4. Members should, when determining the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, take into account the objective of minimizing negative trade effects.

　　各成員在決定適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮將對(duì)貿(mào)易的不利影響減少到最低程度這一目標(biāo)。

　　5. With the objective of achieving consistency in the application of the concept of appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection against risks to human life or health, or to animal and plant life or health, each Member shall avoid arbitrary or unjustifiable distinctions in the levels it considers to be appropriate in different situations, if such distinctions result in discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. Members shall cooperate in the Committee, in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of Article 12, to develop guidelines to further the practical implementation of this provision. In developing the guidelines, the Committee shall take into account all relevant factors, including the exceptional character of human health risks to which people voluntarily expose themselves.

　　為了達(dá)到運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平的概念，在防止對(duì)人類生命或健康，動(dòng)物和植物的生命或健康構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面取得一致性的目的，每個(gè)成員應(yīng)避免在不同的情況下任意或不合理地實(shí)施它所認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)牟煌谋Ｗo(hù)水平，如果這種差異在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中產(chǎn)生歧視或變相限制。各成員應(yīng)根據(jù)本協(xié)議第十二條第1、2和3款中的規(guī)定，在委員會(huì)中相互合作來(lái)制定準(zhǔn)則，以推動(dòng)本條款的實(shí)際貫徹。委員會(huì)在制定準(zhǔn)則時(shí)應(yīng)考慮所有相關(guān)因素，包括人們自愿遭受的人身健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的例外情況。

　　6. Without prejudice to paragraph 2 of Article 3, when establishing or maintaining sanitary or phytosanitary measures to achieve the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, Members shall ensure that such measures are not more trade-restrictive than required to achieve their appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection, taking into account technical and economic feasibility.

　　在不違背第三條第2款規(guī)定的前提下，各成員在制定或維持動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施以達(dá)到適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平時(shí)，考慮到技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性，應(yīng)確保這類措施不比要獲取適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平所要求的更具貿(mào)易限制性。

　　7. In cases where relevant scientific evidence is insufficient, a Member may provisionally adopt sanitary or phytosanitary measures on the basis of available pertinent information, including that from the relevant international organizations as well as from sanitary or phytosanitary measures applied by other Members. In such circumstances, Members shall seek to obtain the additional information necessary for a more objective assessment of risk and review the sanitary or phytosanitary measure accordingly within a reasonable period of time.

　　在有關(guān)科學(xué)依據(jù)不充分的情況下，一成員可根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的有關(guān)信息，包括來(lái)自有關(guān)國(guó)際組織以及其他成員方實(shí)施的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的信息，臨時(shí)采取某種動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施。在這種情況下，各成員應(yīng)尋求獲取必要的補(bǔ)充信息，以便更加客觀地評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并相應(yīng)地在合理的期限內(nèi)評(píng)價(jià)動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施。

　　8. When a Member has reason to believe that a specific sanitary or phytosanitary measure introduced or maintained by another Member is constraining, or has the potential to constrain, its exports and the measure is not based on the relevant international standards, guidelines or recommendations, or such standards, guidelines or recommendations do not exist, an explanation of the reasons for such sanitary or phytosanitary measure may be requested and shall be provided by the Member maintaining the measure.

　　當(dāng)一成員有理由認(rèn)為另一成員制定或維持的某種動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施正在限制，或潛在限制其產(chǎn)品出口，而這種措施不是以有關(guān)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議為依據(jù)，或者這類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議并不存在，則可要求其解釋采用這種動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的理由，并應(yīng)由維持該措施的成員提供解釋。

　　Article 6: Adaptation to Regional Conditions, Including Pest- or Disease-Free Areas and Areas of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence

　　第六條 病蟲(chóng)害非疫區(qū)和低度流行區(qū)適用地區(qū)的條件

　　1. Members shall ensure that their sanitary or phytosanitary measures are adapted to the sanitary or phytosanitary characteristics of the area whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries from which the product originated and to which the product is destined. In assessing the sanitary or phytosanitary characteristics of a region, Members shall take into account, inter alia, the level of prevalence of specific diseases or pests, the existence of eradication or control programmes, and appropriate criteria or guidelines which may be developed by the relevant international organizations.

　　各成員應(yīng)確保其動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施要適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)?-即產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)地及發(fā)運(yùn)地的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫特點(diǎn)--不論這個(gè)地區(qū)是一個(gè)國(guó)家的全部或其部分地區(qū)，或幾個(gè)國(guó)家的全部或部分地區(qū)。在評(píng)估一個(gè)地區(qū)的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生特點(diǎn)時(shí)，各成員應(yīng)特別考慮某些病害或蟲(chóng)害的流行程度、現(xiàn)有的根治或控制方案，以及由有關(guān)國(guó)際組織制定的適當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則。

　　2. Members shall, in particular, recognize the concepts of pest- or disease-free areas and areas of low pest or disease prevalence. Determination of such areas shall be based on factors such as geography, ecosystems, epidemiological surveillance, and the effectiveness of sanitary or phytosanitary controls.

　　特別是，各成員應(yīng)承認(rèn)病蟲(chóng)害非疫區(qū)和低度流行區(qū)的概念。對(duì)這些地區(qū)的確定，應(yīng)依據(jù)諸如地理、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、流行病監(jiān)測(cè)，以及動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫效果等因素。

　　3. Exporting Members claiming that areas within their territories are pest- or disease-free areas or areas of low pest or disease prevalence shall provide the necessary evidence thereof in order to objectively demonstrate to the importing Member that such areas are, and are likely to remain, pest- or disease-free areas or areas of low pest or disease prevalence, respectively. For this purpose, reasonable access shall be given, upon request, to the importing Member for inspection, testing and other relevant procedures.

　　出口成員聲明其境內(nèi)某些地區(qū)是病蟲(chóng)害非疫區(qū)或低度流行區(qū)時(shí)，應(yīng)提供必要的證據(jù)，以便向進(jìn)口成員客觀地表明這些地區(qū)分別是，并很可能繼續(xù)分別是病蟲(chóng)害非疫區(qū)或低度流行區(qū)。為此，根據(jù)要求應(yīng)向進(jìn)口成員提供合理的途徑，以便進(jìn)口成員檢驗(yàn)、測(cè)試。以及執(zhí)行其他有關(guān)程序。

　　Article 7: Transparency第七條 透明度

　　Members shall notify changes in their sanitary or phytosanitary measures and shall provide information on their sanitary or phytosanitary measures in accordance with the provisions of Annex B.

　　各成員應(yīng)通知其動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的改變，并根據(jù)附件2有關(guān)規(guī)定提供其動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的信息。

　　Article 8: Control, Inspection and Approval Procedures第八條 控制、檢驗(yàn)和批準(zhǔn)程序

　　Members shall observe the provisions of Annex C in the operation of control, inspection and approval procedures, including national systems for approving the use of additives or for establishing tolerances for contaminants in foods, beverages or feedstuffs, and otherwise ensure that their procedures are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement.

　　各成員在實(shí)施控制、檢驗(yàn)和批準(zhǔn)程序，包括批準(zhǔn)在食品、飲料或飼料中使用添加劑，或確定污染物允許量的國(guó)家制度時(shí)，應(yīng)遵守附件3的規(guī)定，并應(yīng)確保其程序不與本協(xié)議規(guī)定相抵觸。

　　Article 9: Technical Assistance第九條 技術(shù)援助

　　1. Members agree to facilitate the provision of technical assistance to other Members, especially developing country Members, either bilaterally or through the appropriate international organizations. Such assistance may be, inter alia, in the areas of processing technologies, research and infrastructure, including in the establishment of national regulatory bodies, and may take the form of advice, credits, donations and grants, including for the purpose of seeking technical expertise, training and equipment to allow such countries to adjust to, and comply with, sanitary or phytosanitary measures necessary to achieve the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection in their export markets.

　　各成員同意促成以雙邊形式或通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)膰?guó)際組織向其他成員，特別是發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員提供技術(shù)援助。這些援助尤其可以在加工技術(shù)、研究和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，包括成立國(guó)家管理機(jī)構(gòu)等領(lǐng)域;也可以采取建議、信貸、捐贈(zèng)和轉(zhuǎn)讓，包括以尋求技術(shù)知識(shí)為目的的培訓(xùn)和設(shè)備等方式，以使這些國(guó)家能調(diào)整并遵從為達(dá)到其出口市場(chǎng)上的適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平所必需的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施。

　　2. Where substantial investments are required in order for an exporting developing country Member to fulfil the sanitary or phytosanitary requirements of an importing Member, the latter shall consider providing such technical assistance as will permit the developing country Member to maintain and expand its market access opportunities for the product involved.

　　當(dāng)發(fā)展中國(guó)家出口成員為達(dá)到進(jìn)口成員的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫要求而需要大量投資時(shí)，后者應(yīng)考慮提供這類技術(shù)援助，以使發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員得以維持和擴(kuò)大其相關(guān)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　Article 10: Special and Differential Treatment第十條 特殊和差別待遇

　　1. In the preparation and application of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, Members shall take account of the special needs of developing country Members, and in particular of the least-developed country Members.

　　各成員在準(zhǔn)備和實(shí)施動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮到發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員，特別是最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家成員的特殊需要。

　　2. Where the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection allows scope for the phased introduction of new sanitary or phytosanitary measures, longer time-frames for compliance should be accorded on products of interest to developing country Members so as to maintain opportunities for their exports.

　　在適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平允許留有分階段采用新的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的余地時(shí)，則應(yīng)給予發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員有利害關(guān)系的產(chǎn)品較長(zhǎng)的適應(yīng)期，以維持其出口機(jī)會(huì)。

　　3. With a view to ensuring that developing country Members are able to comply with the provisions of this Agreement, the Committee is enabled to grant to such countries, upon request, specified, time-limited exceptions in whole or in part from obligations under this Agreement, taking into account their financial, trade and development needs.

　　為確保發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員能遵從本協(xié)議的規(guī)定，委員會(huì)有權(quán)根據(jù)這些成員的要求，并視其財(cái)政、貿(mào)易和發(fā)展的需要，允許這些國(guó)家對(duì)于本協(xié)議項(xiàng)下義務(wù)的全部或部分享有具體和有時(shí)限的例外。

　　4. Members should encourage and facilitate the active participation of developing country Members in the relevant international organizations.

　　各成員應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)和促進(jìn)發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員積極參加有關(guān)的國(guó)際組織。

　　Article 11: Consultations and Dispute Settlement第十一條 磋商和爭(zhēng)端解決

　　1. The provisions of Articles XXII and XXIII of GATT 1994 as elaborated and applied by the Dispute Settlement Understanding shall apply to consultations and the settlement of disputes under this Agreement, except as otherwise specifically provided herein.

　　除非另有特別規(guī)定，經(jīng)爭(zhēng)端解決諒解解釋和適用的1994年關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定第二十二條和第二十三條的規(guī)定，應(yīng)適用于本協(xié)議的磋商和爭(zhēng)端的解決。

　　2. In a dispute under this Agreement involving scientific or technical issues, a panel should seek advice from experts chosen by the panel in consultation with the parties to the dispute. To this end, the panel may, when it deems it appropriate, establish an advisory technical experts group, or consult the relevant international organizations, at the request of either party to the dispute or on its own initiative.

　　在本協(xié)議涉及科學(xué)或技術(shù)問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)端中，專家組應(yīng)征詢由專家組與爭(zhēng)端各方協(xié)商選出的專家的意見(jiàn)。為此，專家組可根據(jù)爭(zhēng)端任何一方的要求或自己主動(dòng)在它認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，成立技術(shù)專家咨詢組，或與有關(guān)的國(guó)際組織協(xié)商。

　　3. Nothing in this Agreement shall impair the rights of Members under other international agreements, including the right to resort to the good offices or dispute settlement mechanisms of other international organizations or established under any international agreement.

　　本協(xié)議中的任何內(nèi)容不應(yīng)損害成員在其他國(guó)際協(xié)議項(xiàng)下的權(quán)利，包括利用其他國(guó)際組織或根據(jù)任何國(guó)際協(xié)議建立的斡旋或爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制的權(quán)利。

　　Article 12: Administration第十二條 管理

　　1. A Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures is hereby established to provide a regular forum for consultations. It shall carry out the functions necessary to implement the provisions of this Agreement and the furtherance of its objectives, in particular with respect to harmonization. The Committee shall reach its decisions by consensus.

　　現(xiàn)成立動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫委員會(huì)，為磋商提供一個(gè)經(jīng)常性的場(chǎng)所。它應(yīng)履行必要的職能，以執(zhí)行本協(xié)議的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定，并推動(dòng)其目標(biāo)，特別是有關(guān)協(xié)調(diào)一致的目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。委員會(huì)應(yīng)通過(guò)一致同意作出決定。

　　2. The Committee shall encourage and facilitate ad hoc consultations or negotiations among Members on specific sanitary or phytosanitary issues. The Committee shall encourage the use of international standards, guidelines or recommendations by all Members and, in this regard, shall sponsor technical consultation and study with the objective of increasing coordination and integration between international and national systems and approaches for approving the use of food additives or for establishing tolerances for contaminants in foods, beverages or feedstuffs.

　　委員會(huì)應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)和促進(jìn)各成員間就特定的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫問(wèn)題進(jìn)行不定期的磋商或談判。委員會(huì)應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)所有成員采用國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議。在這方面，它應(yīng)舉辦技術(shù)磋商并開(kāi)展研究，以提高在批準(zhǔn)使用食品添加劑，或確定食品、飲料或飼料中污染物允許量的國(guó)際與國(guó)家制度或方法方面的協(xié)調(diào)性和一致性。

　　3. The Committee shall maintain close contact with the relevant international organizations in the field of sanitary and phytosanitary protection, especially with the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Office of Epizootics, and the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, with the objective of securing the best available scientific and technical advice for the administration of this Agreement and in order to ensure that unnecessary duplication of effort is avoided.

　　委員會(huì)應(yīng)在動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)領(lǐng)域同有關(guān)國(guó)際組織，特別是國(guó)際營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)、國(guó)際獸疫局和國(guó)際植物保護(hù)公約秘書(shū)處保持密切聯(lián)系，以為執(zhí)行本協(xié)議提供現(xiàn)有最佳的科學(xué)和技術(shù)咨詢，并確保避免不必要的重復(fù)工作。

　　4. The Committee shall develop a procedure to monitor the process of international harmonization and the use of international standards, guidelines or recommendations. For this purpose, the Committee should, in conjunction with the relevant international organizations, establish a list of international standards, guidelines or recommendations relating to sanitary or phytosanitary measures which the Committee determines to have a major trade impact. The list should include an indication by Members of those international standards, guidelines or recommendations which they apply as conditions for import or on the basis of which imported products conforming to these standards can enjoy access to their markets. For those cases in which a Member does not apply an international standard, guideline or recommendation as a condition for import, the Member should provide an indication of the reason therefor, and, in particular, whether it considers that the standard is not stringent enough to provide the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection. If a Member revises its position, following its indication of the use of a standard, guideline or recommendation as a condition for import, it should provide an explanation for its change and so inform the Secretariat as well as the relevant international organizations, unless such notification and explanation is given according to the procedures of Annex B.

　　委員會(huì)應(yīng)制定程序，監(jiān)督國(guó)際協(xié)調(diào)的進(jìn)程及國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議的采用。為此，委員會(huì)應(yīng)同有關(guān)國(guó)際組織一起擬定一份它認(rèn)為對(duì)貿(mào)易有重大影響的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施方面的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議清單。該清單應(yīng)包括各成員對(duì)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議所作的說(shuō)明：哪些被用作進(jìn)口的條件，或者在符合哪些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品才能進(jìn)入他們的市場(chǎng)。在一成員不以國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議作為進(jìn)口條件的情況下，該成員應(yīng)說(shuō)明其理由，尤其是它是否認(rèn)為該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不夠嚴(yán)格，因而無(wú)法提供適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平。如果一成員在對(duì)采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議作為進(jìn)口條件作出說(shuō)明之后又改變立場(chǎng)，則它應(yīng)對(duì)改變作出解釋，并通知秘書(shū)處以及有關(guān)國(guó)際組織，除非它已根據(jù)附件2的程序作出這樣的通知和解釋。

　　5. In order to avoid unnecessary duplication, the Committee may decide, as appropriate, to use the information generated by the procedures, particularly for notification, which are in operation in the relevant international organizations.

　　為避免不必要的重復(fù)，委員會(huì)可在適當(dāng)時(shí)決定采用通過(guò)有關(guān)國(guó)際組織的運(yùn)行程序，特別是通知程序所獲取的信息。

　　6. The Committee may, on the basis of an initiative from one of the Members, through appropriate channels invite the relevant international organizations or their subsidiary bodies to examine specific matters with respect to a particular standard, guideline or recommendation, including the basis of explanations for non-use given according to paragraph 4.

　　委員會(huì)可根據(jù)一成員的提議，通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)那姥?qǐng)有關(guān)國(guó)際組織或其分支機(jī)構(gòu)審議與某個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議有關(guān)的具體問(wèn)題，包括根據(jù)上述第4款對(duì)不采用有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所作解釋的依據(jù)。

　　7. The Committee shall review the operation and implementation of this Agreement three years after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement, and thereafter as the need arises. Where appropriate, the Committee may submit to the Council for Trade in Goods proposals to amend the text of this Agreement having regard, inter alia, to the experience gained in its implementation.

　　委員會(huì)應(yīng)在WTO協(xié)議生效之日起的3年后，并在此后需要時(shí)，對(duì)本協(xié)議的運(yùn)作和執(zhí)行情況加以審議。委員會(huì)在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，特別是根據(jù)在本協(xié)議執(zhí)行過(guò)程中所取得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，可向貨物貿(mào)易理事會(huì)提議修改本協(xié)議條款。

　　Article 13: Implementation第十三條 執(zhí)行

　　Members are fully responsible under this Agreement for the observance of all obligations set forth herein. Members shall formulate and implement positive measures and mechanisms in support of the observance of the provisions of this Agreement by other than central government bodies. Members shall take such reasonable measures as may be available to them to ensure that non-governmental entities within their territories, as well as regional bodies in which relevant entities within their territories are members, comply with the relevant provisions of this Agreement. In addition, Members shall not take measures which have the effect of, directly or indirectly, requiring or encouraging such regional or non-governmental entities, or local governmental bodies, to act in a manner inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall ensure that they rely on the services of non-governmental entities for implementing sanitary or phytosanitary measures only if these entities comply with the provisions of this Agreement.

　　各成員有責(zé)任全面履行本協(xié)議中規(guī)定的所有義務(wù)。各成員應(yīng)制定和執(zhí)行積極措施和機(jī)制，以支持中央政府以外的機(jī)構(gòu)遵守本協(xié)議的規(guī)定。各成員應(yīng)采取現(xiàn)有合理的措施，以確保其境內(nèi)的非政府實(shí)體、以及其境內(nèi)有關(guān)實(shí)體是成員的地方機(jī)構(gòu)，遵守本協(xié)議的有關(guān)規(guī)定。此外，各成員不應(yīng)采取產(chǎn)生直接或間接地要求或鼓勵(lì)這類地方或非政府實(shí)體、或地方政府機(jī)構(gòu)以不符合本協(xié)議規(guī)定的方式行事影響的措施。各成員應(yīng)確保只是在非政府實(shí)體遵守本協(xié)議規(guī)定時(shí)，才能依賴其為實(shí)施動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施而提供的服務(wù)。

　　Article 14: Final Provisions第十四條 最后條款

　　The least-developed country Members may delay application of the provisions of this Agreement for a period of five years following the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to their sanitary or phytosanitary measures affecting importation or imported products. Other developing country Members may delay application of the provisions of this Agreement, other than paragraph 8 of Article 5 and Article 7, for two years following the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement with respect to their existing sanitary or phytosanitary measures affecting importation or imported products, where such application is prevented by a lack of technical expertise, technical infrastructure or resources.

　　對(duì)于不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家成員影響進(jìn)口或進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家成員可在WTO協(xié)議生效之日起推遲5年執(zhí)行本協(xié)議的規(guī)定。對(duì)于其他發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員影響進(jìn)口或進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的現(xiàn)行動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施，在由于缺乏技術(shù)知識(shí)、技術(shù)性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施或資源而妨礙實(shí)施時(shí)，發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員可在WTO協(xié)議生效之日起，推遲2年執(zhí)行本協(xié)議的規(guī)定，但第五條第8款和第七條的規(guī)定除外。

　　Annex A: Definitions 附件1 定義

　　1. Sanitary or phytosanitary measure Any measure applied:

　　動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施--指任何一種措施，用以：

　　(a) to protect animal or plant life or health within the territory of the Member from risks arising from the entry, establishment or spread of pests, diseases, disease-carrying organisms or disease-causing organisms;

　　保護(hù)成員境內(nèi)的動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康免受蟲(chóng)害、病害、帶病有機(jī)體或致病有機(jī)體的傳入、定居或傳播所產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);

　　(b) to protect human or animal life or health within the territory of the Member from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in foods, beverages or feedstuffs;

　　保護(hù)成員境內(nèi)的人類或動(dòng)物的生命或健康免受食品、飲料或飼料中的添加劑、污染物、毒素或致病有機(jī)體所產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);

　　(c) to protect human life or health within the territory of the Member from risks arising from diseases carried by animals, plants or products thereof, or from the entry, establishment or spread of pests; or

　　保護(hù)成員境內(nèi)的人類的生命或健康免受動(dòng)物、植物或動(dòng)植物產(chǎn)品攜帶的病害，或蟲(chóng)害的傳入、定居或傳播所產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);

　　(d) to prevent or limit other damage within the territory of the Member from the entry, establishment or spread of pests.

　　防止或限制成員境內(nèi)因蟲(chóng)害的傳入、定居或傳播所產(chǎn)生的其他損害。

　　Sanitary or phytosanitary measures include all relevant laws, decrees, regulations, requirements and procedures including, inter alia, end product criteria; processes and production methods; testing, inspection, certification and approval procedures; quarantine treatments including relevant requirements associated with the transport of animals or plants, or with the materials necessary for their survival during transport; provisions on relevant statistical methods, sampling procedures and methods of risk assessment; and packaging and labelling requirements directly related to food safety.

　　動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施包括所有有關(guān)的法律、法令、規(guī)定、要求和程序，特別包括最終產(chǎn)品標(biāo)準(zhǔn);加工和生產(chǎn)方法;檢測(cè)，檢驗(yàn)，出證和批準(zhǔn)程序;檢疫處理，包括與動(dòng)物或植物運(yùn)輸有關(guān)或與在運(yùn)輸途中為維持動(dòng)植物生存所需物質(zhì)有關(guān)的要求在內(nèi)的檢疫處理;有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法、抽樣程序和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估方法的規(guī)定;以及與食品安全直接相關(guān)的包裝和標(biāo)簽要求。

　　2. Harmonization The establishment, recognition and application of common sanitary and phytosanitary measures by different Members.

　　協(xié)調(diào)一致--由成員共同制定、承認(rèn)和實(shí)施的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施。

　　3. International standards, guidelines and recommendations國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議。

　　(a) for food safety, the standards, guidelines and recommendations established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission relating to food additives, veterinary drug and pesticide residues, contaminants, methods of analysis and sampling, and codes and guidelines of hygienic practice;

　　在食品安全方面，指國(guó)際營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)制定的有關(guān)食品添加劑，獸藥和除蟲(chóng)劑殘存物、污染物，分析和抽樣方法的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議，以及衛(wèi)生慣例的守則和準(zhǔn)則;

　　(b) for animal health and zoonoses, the standards, guidelines and recommendations developed under the auspices of the International Office of Epizootics;

　　在動(dòng)物健康和寄生蟲(chóng)病方面，指國(guó)際獸疫局主持制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議;

　　(c) for plant health, the international standards, guidelines and recommendations developed under the auspices of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention in cooperation with regional organizations operating within the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention; and

　　在植物健康方面，指國(guó)際植物保護(hù)公約秘書(shū)處與該公約框架下運(yùn)行的區(qū)域性組織合作制定的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議;

　　(d) for matters not covered by the above organizations, appropriate standards, guidelines and recommendations promulgated by other relevant international organizations open for membership to all Members, as identified by the Committee.

　　在上述機(jī)構(gòu)未盡事宜方面，指經(jīng)委員會(huì)認(rèn)可，由向所有成員實(shí)施都開(kāi)放的其他有關(guān)國(guó)際組織公布的適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議。

　　4. Risk assessment The evaluation of the likelihood of entry, establishment or spread of a pest or disease within the territory of an importing Member according to the sanitary or phytosanitary measures which might be applied, and of the associated potential biological and economic consequences; or the evaluation of the potential for adverse effects on human or animal health arising from the presence of additives, contaminants, toxins or disease-causing organisms in food, beverages or feedstuffs.

　　風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估--根據(jù)可能實(shí)施的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)蟲(chóng)害或病害在進(jìn)口成員境內(nèi)傳入、定居或傳播的可能性，以及相關(guān)的潛在生物和經(jīng)濟(jì)后果;或評(píng)價(jià)食品、飲料或飼料中存在添加劑、污染物、毒素或致病有機(jī)體對(duì)人類或動(dòng)物的健康產(chǎn)生的潛在不利影響。

　　5. Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection The level of protection deemed appropriate by the Member establishing a sanitary or phytosanitary measure to protect human, animal or plant life or health within its territory.

　　適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平--制定動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施以保護(hù)其境內(nèi)的人類、動(dòng)物或植物的生命或健康的成員所認(rèn)為合適的保護(hù)水平。

　　NOTE: Many Members otherwise refer to this concept as the acceptable level of risk.

　　注：很多成員國(guó)有時(shí)將此含義看做可接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平

　　6. Pest- or disease-free area An area, whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries, as identified by the competent authorities, in which a specific pest or disease does not occur.

　　非疫區(qū)--經(jīng)主管當(dāng)局認(rèn)定無(wú)某種蟲(chóng)害或病害發(fā)生的地區(qū)，這可以是一個(gè)國(guó)家的全部或部分，或幾個(gè)國(guó)家的全部或部分。

　　NOTE: A pest- or disease-free area may surround, be surrounded by, or be adjacent to an area whether within part of a country or in a geographic region which includes parts of or all of several countries in which a specific pest or disease is known to occur but is subject to regional control measures such as the establishment of protection, surveillance and buffer zones which will confine or eradicate the pest or disease in question.

　　注：非疫區(qū)可以在一個(gè)區(qū)域的周圍或附近該區(qū)域可以是國(guó)家內(nèi)的一部分，也可以是幾個(gè)國(guó)家的全部或部分在該區(qū)域內(nèi)會(huì)有某種蟲(chóng)害或病害發(fā)生，但在區(qū)域控制措施范圍內(nèi)，這些控制措施包括成立保護(hù)監(jiān)管和緩沖區(qū)控制或消除蟲(chóng)害或病害。

　　7.Area of low pest or disease prevalence An area, whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries, as identified by the competent authorities, in which a specific pest or disease occurs at low levels and which is subject to effective surveillance, control or eradication measures.

　　病蟲(chóng)害低度流行區(qū)--經(jīng)主管當(dāng)局認(rèn)定，某種蟲(chóng)害或病害發(fā)生水平低，并采取了有效的監(jiān)督、控制或根除措施的地區(qū)，這可以是一個(gè)國(guó)家的全部或部分地區(qū)，或者是幾個(gè)國(guó)家的全部或部分地區(qū)。

　　Annex B: Transparency Of Sanitary And Phytosanitary Regulations

　　附件2 動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫規(guī)定的透明度

　　Publication of regulations法規(guī)的公布

　　1. Members shall ensure that all sanitary and phytosanitary regulations(5) which have been adopted are published promptly in such a manner as to enable interested Members to become acquainted with them.

　　各成員應(yīng)確保將所有已獲通過(guò)的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫法規(guī)及時(shí)公布，以便感興趣的成員能熟悉它們。

　　2. Except in urgent circumstances, Members shall allow a reasonable interval between the publication of a sanitary or phytosanitary regulation and its entry into force in order to allow time for producers in exporting Members, and particularly in developing country Members, to adapt their products and methods of production to the requirements of the importing Member.

　　除緊急情況外，各成員應(yīng)允許在動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫法規(guī)的公布和開(kāi)始生效之間有合理的時(shí)間間隔，以便讓出口成員，尤其是發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員的生產(chǎn)商有足夠的時(shí)間調(diào)整其產(chǎn)品和生產(chǎn)方法，以適應(yīng)進(jìn)口成員的要求。

　　Enquiry points咨詢點(diǎn)

　　3. Each Member shall ensure that one enquiry point exists which is responsible for the provision of answers to all reasonable questions from interested Members as well as for the provision of relevant documents regarding:

　　每個(gè)成員應(yīng)確保設(shè)立一個(gè)咨詢點(diǎn)，負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)感興趣的成員提出的所有合理問(wèn)題提供答復(fù)，并提供下列有關(guān)文件：

　　(a) any sanitary or phytosanitary regulations adopted or proposed within its territory;

　　在其境內(nèi)采用或準(zhǔn)備采用的任何動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫法規(guī);

　　(b) any control and inspection procedures, production and quarantine treatment, pesticide tolerance and food additive approval procedures, which are operated within its territory;

　　在其境內(nèi)運(yùn)行的任何控制和檢驗(yàn)程序，生產(chǎn)和檢疫處理、殺蟲(chóng)劑殘留允許量和食品添加劑批準(zhǔn)程序;

　　(c) risk assessment procedures, factors taken into consideration, as well as the determination of the appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection;

　　風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估程序，所考慮的因素，以及適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫保護(hù)水平的確定;

　　(d) the membership and participation of the Member, or of relevant bodies within its territory, in international and regional sanitary and phytosanitary organizations and systems, as well as in bilateral and multilateral agreements and arrangements within the scope of this Agreement, and the texts of such agreements and arrangements.

　　成員或其境內(nèi)的有關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)在國(guó)際和區(qū)域性動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫組織和體系，以及在本協(xié)議范圍內(nèi)雙邊和多邊協(xié)議和安排中的成員資格和參與情況，以及這類協(xié)議和安排的文本。

　　4. Members shall ensure that where copies of documents are requested by interested Members, they are supplied at the same price (if any), apart from the cost of delivery, as to the nationals(6) of the Member concerned.

　　各成員應(yīng)確保在感興趣的成員索要文件副本時(shí)，除運(yùn)送成本外，應(yīng)接向該成員國(guó)民提供的相同價(jià)格(如有的話)提供。

　　Notification procedures通知程序

　　Whenever an international standard, guideline or recommendation does not exist or the content of a proposed sanitary or phytosanitary regulation is not substantially the same as the content of an international standard, guideline or recommendation, and if the regulation may have a significant effect on trade of other Members, Members shall:

　　當(dāng)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議不存在或所提議的動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫規(guī)定的內(nèi)容與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議的內(nèi)容實(shí)質(zhì)上不一致;并且如果規(guī)定對(duì)其他成員的貿(mào)易有重大影響，各成員應(yīng)：

　　(a) publish a notice at an early stage in such a manner as to enable interested Members to become acquainted with the proposal to introduce a particular regulation;

　　及早發(fā)布通知，以便感興趣的成員能熟悉含有某特定規(guī)定的提案;

　　(b) notify other Members, through the Secretariat, of the products to be covered by the regulation together with a brief indication of the objective and rationale of the proposed regulation. Such notifications shall take place at an early stage, when amendments can still be introduced and comments taken into account;

　　通過(guò)秘書(shū)處通知其他成員有關(guān)規(guī)定所涉及的產(chǎn)品，并對(duì)所提議的規(guī)定的目的和理由作一簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。這類通知應(yīng)盡早在規(guī)定仍可以修改和采納意見(jiàn)時(shí)發(fā)出;

　　(c) provide upon request to other Members copies of the proposed regulation and, whenever possible, identify the parts which in substance deviate from international standards, guidelines or recommendations;

　　根據(jù)要求向其他成員提供所提議的規(guī)定的副本，并在可能的情況下，標(biāo)明與國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議有實(shí)質(zhì)性偏離的部分;

　　(d) without discrimination, allow reasonable time for other Members to make comments in writing, discuss these comments upon request, and take the comments and the results of the discussions into account.

　　在無(wú)歧視的前提下，給其他成員以合理的時(shí)間作書(shū)面評(píng)論，并根據(jù)要求討論這些評(píng)論，并對(duì)這些評(píng)論和討論結(jié)果加以考慮。

　　6. However, where urgent problems of health protection arise or threaten to arise for a Member, that Member may omit such of the steps enumerated in paragraph 5 of this Annex as it finds necessary, provided that the Member:

　　然而，當(dāng)一成員發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)發(fā)生緊急的健康保護(hù)問(wèn)題的威脅時(shí)，該成員可在必要的情況下省略本附件第5款中所列舉的這些步驟，但該成員必須：

　　(a) immediately notifies other Members, through the Secretariat, of the particular regulation and the products covered, with a brief indication of the objective and the rationale of the regulation, including the nature of the urgent problem(s);

　　立即通過(guò)秘書(shū)處通知其他成員特定的法規(guī)及其涉及的產(chǎn) 品，并簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明該規(guī)定的目的和理由，其中包括緊急問(wèn)題的性質(zhì);

　　(b) provides, upon request, copies of the regulation to other Members;

　　根據(jù)要求向其他成員提供規(guī)定副本;

　　(c) allows other Members to make comments in writing, discusses these comments upon request, and takes the comments and the results of the discussions into account.

　　允許其他成員作書(shū)面評(píng)論，并根據(jù)要求對(duì)這些評(píng)論進(jìn)行討論，并對(duì)這些評(píng)論和討論結(jié)果加以考慮。

　　7. Notifications to the Secretariat shall be in English, French or Spanish.

　　給秘書(shū)處的通知應(yīng)使用英文、法文或西班牙文。

　　8. Developed country Members shall, if requested by other Members, provide copies of the documents or, in case of voluminous documents, summaries of the documents covered by a specific notification in English, French or Spanish.

　　發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家成員根據(jù)其他成員的要求，應(yīng)提供文件副本。若是多卷文件，則提供一份用英文、法文或西班牙文書(shū)寫(xiě)的具體的通知并附上所涉及的文件的摘要。

　　9. The Secretariat shall promptly circulate copies of the notification to all Members and interested international organizations and draw the attention of developing country Members to any notifications relating to products of particular interest to them.

　　秘書(shū)處應(yīng)及時(shí)將通知的副本散發(fā)給所有成員和感興趣的國(guó)際組織，并提請(qǐng)發(fā)展中國(guó)家成員，對(duì)涉及其特殊利益產(chǎn)品的通知引起注意。

　　10. Members shall designate a single central government authority as responsible for the implementation, on the national level, of the provisions concerning notification procedures according to paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 of this Annex.

　　各成員應(yīng)指定一個(gè)中央政府機(jī)構(gòu)，由其負(fù)責(zé)按照本附件第5、6、7和8款的規(guī)定在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行有關(guān)通知程序。

　　General reservations一般保留

　　11. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring:本協(xié)議內(nèi)容不應(yīng)解釋為要求：

　　(a) the provision of particulars or copies of drafts or the publication of texts other than in the language of the Member except as stated in paragraph 8 of this Annex; or

　　用成員語(yǔ)文以外的語(yǔ)文提供草案細(xì)節(jié)或副本，公布文本內(nèi)容，但本附件第8款規(guī)定除外;

　　(b) Members to disclose confidential information which would impede enforcement of sanitary or phytosanitary legislation or which would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises.

　　各成員公開(kāi)那些會(huì)阻礙動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫立法的實(shí)施，或會(huì)損害某些企業(yè)合法的商業(yè)利益的機(jī)密資料。

　　Annex C: Control, Inspection And Approval Procedures 附件3 控制檢驗(yàn)和批準(zhǔn)程序

　　1. Members shall ensure, with respect to any procedure to check and ensure the fulfilment of sanitary or phytosanitary measures, that:

　　關(guān)于檢查和確保執(zhí)行動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的任何程序，各成員應(yīng)確保：

　　(a) such procedures are undertaken and completed without undue delay and in no less favourable manner for imported products than for like domestic products;

　　在執(zhí)行和完成這類程序時(shí)沒(méi)有不適當(dāng)?shù)难诱`，給予進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的待遇不低于類似的國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品;

　　(b) the standard processing period of each procedure is published or that the anticipated processing period is communicated to the applicant upon request; when receiving an application, the competent body promptly examines the completeness of the documentation and informs the applicant in a precise and complete manner of all deficiencies; the competent body transmits as soon as possible the results of the procedure in a precise and complete manner to the applicant so that corrective action may be taken if necessary; even when the application has deficiencies, the competent body proceeds as far as practicable with the procedure if the applicant so requests; and that upon request, the applicant is informed of the stage of the procedure, with any delay being explained;

　　公布每個(gè)程序的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)處理期限，或根據(jù)請(qǐng)求將預(yù)期的處理期限向申請(qǐng)人傳達(dá)。主管機(jī)構(gòu)在接到申請(qǐng)后立即檢查文件的完整性，并以準(zhǔn)確、完整的方式通知申請(qǐng)人所有不足之處;主管機(jī)構(gòu)盡快以準(zhǔn)確、完整的方式向申請(qǐng)人傳遞程序結(jié)果，以便申請(qǐng)人在必要時(shí)采取糾正措施;根據(jù)申請(qǐng)人的要求，即使在申請(qǐng)有不足之處時(shí)，主管機(jī)構(gòu)也盡可能繼續(xù)執(zhí)行該程序，并根據(jù)要求，通知申請(qǐng)人程序的執(zhí)行階段，并對(duì)任何延誤作出解釋;

　　(c) information requirements are limited to what is necessary for appropriate control, inspection and approval procedures, including for approval of the use of additives or for the establishment of tolerances for contaminants in food, beverages or feedstuffs;

　　對(duì)信息的要求局限于控制、檢驗(yàn)和批準(zhǔn)程序的適當(dāng)需要，包括批準(zhǔn)使用添加劑或?yàn)橹贫ㄊ称?、飲料或飼料中的污染物的允許量所必要的限度;

　　(d) the confidentiality of information about imported products arising from or supplied in connection with control, inspection and approval is respected in a way no less favourable than for domestic products and in such a manner that legitimate commercial interests are protected;

　　在控制、檢驗(yàn)和批準(zhǔn)過(guò)程中，有關(guān)產(chǎn)生或提供的進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品信息的機(jī)密性得到尊重，其方式不應(yīng)低于國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品，并使合法的商業(yè)利益得到保護(hù);

　　(e) any requirements for control, inspection and approval of individual specimens of a product are limited to what is reasonable and necessary;

　　對(duì)產(chǎn)品的單個(gè)樣品的任何控制、檢驗(yàn)和批準(zhǔn)要求要視其合理性和必要性而定;

　　(f) any fees imposed for the procedures on imported products are equitable in relation to any fees charged on like domestic products or products originating in any other Member and should be no higher than the actual cost of the service;

　　對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品程序征收的任何費(fèi)用與國(guó)內(nèi)類似產(chǎn)品或來(lái)自任何其他成員的產(chǎn)品所征收的費(fèi)用相當(dāng)，且不高出其服務(wù)的實(shí)際成本;

　　(g) the same criteria should be used in the siting of facilities used in the procedures and the selection of samples of imported products as for domestic products so as to minimize the inconvenience to applicants, importers, exporters or their agents;

　　程序中使用的設(shè)備裝置的設(shè)點(diǎn)以及進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品樣品的選擇應(yīng)使用與國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品相同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以便將申請(qǐng)人、進(jìn)口商、出口商或其代理人的不便減少到最低程度;

　　(h) whenever specifications of a product are changed subsequent to its control and inspection in light of the applicable regulations, the procedure for the modified product is limited to what is necessary to determine whether adequate confidence exists that the product still meets the regulations concerned; and

　　根據(jù)適用的規(guī)定，由于控制和檢驗(yàn)后產(chǎn)品的規(guī)格發(fā)生了變化，則經(jīng)過(guò)改進(jìn)的產(chǎn)品程序僅限于決定是否對(duì)該產(chǎn)品仍然符合有關(guān)規(guī)定有充分的信心的必要范圍內(nèi);

　　(i) a procedure exists to review complaints concerning the operation of such procedures and to take corrective action when a complaint is justified.

　　建立一種程序來(lái)審議對(duì)有關(guān)這類程序運(yùn)行的投訴，且當(dāng)投訴合理時(shí)采取糾正措施;

　　1. Where an importing Member operates a system for the approval of the use of food additives or for the establishment of tolerances for contaminants in food, beverages or feedstuffs which prohibits or restricts access to its domestic markets for products based on the absence of an approval, the importing Member shall consider the use of a relevant international standard as the basis for access until a final determination is made.

　　當(dāng)進(jìn)口成員實(shí)行一種批準(zhǔn)使用食品添加劑，或制定食品、飲料或飼料中污染允許量的體系，而這一體系禁止或限制未獲批準(zhǔn)的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入其國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)時(shí)，進(jìn)口成員應(yīng)考慮使用有關(guān)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的依據(jù)，直到作出最后決定為止。

　　2. Where a sanitary or phytosanitary measure specifies control at the level of production, the Member in whose territory the production takes place shall provide the necessary assistance to facilitate such control and the work of the controlling authorities.

　　若一種動(dòng)植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施規(guī)定在生產(chǎn)階段實(shí)行控制，則在其境內(nèi)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的成員應(yīng)提供必要的幫助，以便利這種控制及控制機(jī)構(gòu)工作。

　　3. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent Members from carrying out reasonable inspection within their own territories.

　　本協(xié)議內(nèi)容不應(yīng)阻礙各成員在其境內(nèi)進(jìn)行合理的檢驗(yàn)。