Convention on the Law applicable to products liability

　　海牙產(chǎn)品責(zé)任適用法律的公約

　　1973年10月2日訂于海牙The States signatory to the present Convention,

　　本公約的簽字國愿就國際案件中的產(chǎn)品責(zé)任適用法律制定共同規(guī)則，決定為此締結(jié)一項公約，并已同意下列條款：

　　Desiring to establish common provisions on the law applicable, in international cases, to products liability, Have resolved to conclude a Convention to this effect and have agreed upon the following provisions:

　　第一條　本公約確定制造商和其他由第三條規(guī)定的人因產(chǎn)品造成損害，包括因?qū)Ξa(chǎn)品的錯誤說明或?qū)ζ滟|(zhì)量、特性或使用方法未提供適當(dāng)說明而造成損害責(zé)任所適用法律。

　　凡產(chǎn)品的所有權(quán)或使用權(quán)已由被控負有責(zé)任的人轉(zhuǎn)移到遭受損害的人，本公約不適用于他們之間的責(zé)任。不論訴訟性質(zhì)如何，均應(yīng)適用本公約。

　　Article 1 This Convention shall determine the law applicable to the liability of the manufacturers and other persons specified in Article 3 for damage caused by a product, including damage in consequence of a misdescription of the product or of a failure to give adequate notice on its qualities, its characteristics or its method of use.

　　Where the property in, or the right to use, the product was transferred to the person suffering damage by the person claimed to be liable, the Convention shall not apply to their liability inter se.

　　This Convention shall apply irrespective of the nature of the proceedings.

　　第二條　在本公約的范圍內(nèi)：Article 2 For the purposes of this Convention:

　　(1)產(chǎn)品一詞應(yīng)包括天然產(chǎn)品和工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，而不論是未加工還是加工過的，是動產(chǎn)還是不動產(chǎn);

　　(2)損害一詞是指對人身的傷害或?qū)ω敭a(chǎn)的損害以及經(jīng)濟損失。但是，除非與其他損害聯(lián)系在一起，產(chǎn)品本身的損害以及間接損失不應(yīng)包括在內(nèi)。

　　(3)人一詞是指法人和自然人。

　　a) the word "product" shall include natural and industrial products, whether raw or manufactured and whether movable or immovable;

　　b) the word "damage" shall mean injury to the person or damage to property as well as economic loss; however, damage to the product itself and the consequential economic loss shall be excluded unless associated with other damage;

　　c) the word "person" shall refer to a legal person as well as to a natural person.

　　第三條　本公約適用于下列人的責(zé)任：

　　(1)成品或零配件的制造商;

　　(2)天然產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)者;

　　(3)產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)者;

　　(4)在產(chǎn)品準備或銷售商業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)中的其他人，包括修理人和倉庫管理人。

　　本公約也適用于上述規(guī)定的人的代理人或雇員的責(zé)任。

　　Article 3 This Convention shall apply to the liability of the following persons:

　　(1) manufacturers of a finished product or of a component part;

　　(2) producers of a natural product;

　　(3) suppliers of a product;

　　(4) other persons, including repairers and warehousemen, in the commercial chain of preparation or distribution of a product.

　　It shall also apply to the liability of the agents or employees of the persons specified above.

　　第四條　適用的法律應(yīng)為損害地所在國的國內(nèi)法，如果該國也是：

　　(1)直接遭受損害的人的慣常居所地;或

　　(2)被控負有責(zé)任人的主要營業(yè)地;或

　　(3)直接遭受損害的人取得產(chǎn)品的所在地。

　　Article 4 The applicable law shall be the internal law of the State of the place of injury, if that State is also:

　　a) the place of the habitual residence of the person directly suffering damage, or

　　b) the principal place of business of the person claimed to be liable, or

　　c) the place where the product was acquired by the person directly suffering damage.

　　第五條　盡管有第四條的規(guī)定，適用的法律應(yīng)為直接受害人的慣常居所國家的國內(nèi)法，如果該國也是：

　　(1)被控負有責(zé)任的人的主要營業(yè)地;或

　　(2)直接受害人取得產(chǎn)品的所在地。

　　Article 5 Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, the applicable law shall be the internal law of the State of the habitual residence of the person directly suffering damage, if that State is also:

　　a) the principal place of business of the person claimed to be liable, or

　　b) the place where the product was acquired by the person directly suffering damage.

　　第六條　凡第四條和第五條指定的法律都不適用時，則適用的法律應(yīng)為被控負有責(zé)任的人的主要營業(yè)地所在國的國內(nèi)法，除非請求人根據(jù)傷害地所在國的國內(nèi)法提出請求。

　　Article 6 Where neither of the laws designated in Articles 4 and 5 applies, the applicable law shall be the internal law of the State of the principal place of business of the person claimed to be liable, unless the claimant bases his claim upon the internal law of the State of the place of injury.

　　第七條　如果被控負有責(zé)任的人證明他不可能合理地預(yù)見該產(chǎn)品或他自己的同類產(chǎn)品經(jīng)由商業(yè)渠道在該國出售，則根據(jù)第四條、第五條和第六條規(guī)定的傷害地所在國法和直接受害人慣常居所國法，均不適用。

　　Article 7 Neither the law of the State of the place of injury nor the law of the State of the habitual residence of the person directly suffering damage shall be applicable by virtue of Articles 4, 5 and 6 if the person claimed to be liable establishes that he could not reasonably have foreseen that the product or his own products of the same type would be made available in that State through commercial channels.

　　第八條　本公約規(guī)定的適用的法律特別應(yīng)確定：

　　(1)責(zé)任的依據(jù)和范圍;

　　(2)免除、限制和劃分責(zé)任的依據(jù);

　　(3)可予賠償?shù)膿p害賠償種類;

　　(4)賠償?shù)男问郊捌浞秶?

　　(5)損害賠償?shù)臋?quán)利可否轉(zhuǎn)讓或繼承的問題;

　　(6)可依自己的權(quán)利要求損害賠償?shù)娜?

　　(7)委托人對其代理人或雇員的行為所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任;

　　(8)對適用法有關(guān)責(zé)任法規(guī)則的舉證責(zé)任;

　　(9)時效規(guī)則，包括有關(guān)時效的開始、中斷和中止的規(guī)則。

　　Article 8 The law applicable under this Convention shall determine, in particular:

　　(1) the basis and extent of liability;

　　(2) the grounds for exemption from liability, any limitation of liability and any division of liability;

　　(3) the kinds of damage for which compensation may be due;

　　(4) the form of compensation and its extent;

　　(5) the question whether a right to damages may be assigned or inherited;

　　(6) the persons who may claim damages in their own right;

　　(7) the liability of a principal for the acts of his agent or of an employer for the acts of his employee;

　　(8) the burden of proof insofar as the rules of the applicable law in respect thereof pertain to the law of liability;

　　(9) rules of prescription and limitation, including rules relating to the commencement of a period of prescription or limitation, and the interruption and suspension of this period.

　　第九條　適用第四條、第五條和第六條時，不應(yīng)不考慮產(chǎn)品銷售市場所在國通行的行為規(guī)則和安全規(guī)則。

　　Article 9 The application of Articles 4, 5 and 6 shall not preclude consideration being given to the rules of conduct and safety prevailing in the State where the product was introduced into the market.

　　第十條　根據(jù)本公約適用法律只有明顯地與公共政策(公共秩序)不一致時才可拒絕適用。

　　Article 10 The application of a law declared applicable under this Convention may be refused only where such application would be manifestly incompatible with public policy ("ordre public").

　　第十一條　上述條款的適用不受任何互惠條件的影響。即使適用的法律不是締約國的法律，也應(yīng)適應(yīng)本公約。

　　Article 11 The application of the preceding Articles shall be independent of any requirement of reciprocity. The Convention shall be applied even if the applicable law is not that of a Contracting State.

　　第十二條　若一國由幾個領(lǐng)土單位組成，而且第一領(lǐng)土單位有其自己關(guān)于產(chǎn)品責(zé)任的法律規(guī)則，為按照本公約選擇適用法律之目的，每個領(lǐng)土單位應(yīng)視為一個國家。

　　Article 12 Where a State comprises several territorial units each of which has its own rules of law in respect of products liability, each territorial unit shall be considered as a State for the purposes of selecting the applicable law under this Convention.

　　第十三條　若一個具有統(tǒng)一法律制度的國家根據(jù)本公約第四條和第五條不受適用另一國家的法律拘束，則一個擁有不同領(lǐng)土單位，而且各自訂有其自己關(guān)于產(chǎn)品責(zé)任的法律規(guī)則的國家可不受適用本公約的拘束。

　　Article 13 A State within which different territorial units have their own rules of law in respect of products liability shall not be bound to apply this Convention where a State with a unified system of law would not be bound to apply the law of another State by virtue of Articles 4 and 5 of this Convention.

　　第十四條　一個締約國如果有兩個或兩個以上的領(lǐng)土單位，而且各自訂有自己關(guān)于產(chǎn)品責(zé)任的法律規(guī)則，可在簽字、批準、接受、核準或加入時，宣布本公約適用于其所有領(lǐng)土單位或僅僅適用于其中的一個或多個的領(lǐng)土單位，并可隨時通過遞交另一聲明來修改其原來的聲明。

　　上述聲明應(yīng)通知荷蘭外交部，并應(yīng)明確說明本公約適用的領(lǐng)土單位。

　　Article 14 If a Contracting State has two or more territorial units which have their own rules of law in respect of products liability, it may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them, and may modify its declaration by submitting another declaration at any time.

　　These declarations shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, and shall state expressly the territorial units to which the Convention applies.

　　第十五條　對于締約國參加的，或可能參加的其他專門方面的公約中有關(guān)產(chǎn)品責(zé)任的規(guī)定，本公約不應(yīng)優(yōu)先適用。

　　任何締約國在簽字、批準、接受、認可或加入時，享有下列保留權(quán)利：

　　(1)不適用第八條(9)項的規(guī)定;

　　(2)本公約不適用于未加工的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。

　　不允許作其他保留。

　　Article 15 This Convention shall not prevail over other Conventions in special fields to which the Contracting States are or may become Parties and which contain provisions concerning products liability.

　　Any Contracting State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, reserve the right:

　　(1) not to apply the provisions of Article 8, subparagraph 9;

　　(2) not to apply this Convention to raw agricultural products.

　　第十六條　任何締約國也可在根據(jù)第十九條通知本公約的適用范圍時，作出一項或多項保留，其效力可限于適用范圍的全部或某些領(lǐng)土單位。

　　任何締約國可隨時撤回其已作出的保留;該項保留自通知撤回后第三個日歷月的第一天失效。

　　Article 16 No other reservations shall be permitted. Any Contracting State may also when notifying an extension of the Convention in accordance with Article 19, make one or more of these reservations, with its effect limited to all or some of the territories mentioned in the extension.

　　Any Contracting State may at any time withdraw a reservation it has made; the reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the third calendar month after notification of the withdrawal.

　　第十七條　本公約對海牙國際私法會議第十二次會議時是該組織的成員國開放簽字。

　　本公約須經(jīng)批準，接受或認可，批準書、接受書或認可書交存荷蘭外交部。

　　Article 17 This Convention shall be open for signature by the States which were Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law at the time of its Twelfth Session.

　　It shall be ratified, accepted or approved and the instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.

　　第十八條　任何在第十二次會議后成為海牙國際私法會議成員國的國家，或者聯(lián)合國或該組織的專門機構(gòu)的成員國，或者國際法院規(guī)約的參加國，可在本公約根據(jù)第二十條生效后加入。

　　加入書應(yīng)交存荷蘭外交部。

　　Article 18 Any State which has become a Member of the Hague Conference on Private International Law after the date of its Twelfth Session, or which is a Member of the United Nations or of a specialised agency of that Organisation, or a Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may accede to this Convention after it has entered into force in accordance with Article 20.

　　The instrument of accession shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.

　　第十九條　任何國家在簽字、批準、接受、認可或加入時，可宣布本公約擴展適用于所有該國在國際關(guān)系上負有責(zé)任的地區(qū)，或其中的一個或多個地區(qū)。此項聲明自本約對有關(guān)國家生效之日起發(fā)生效力。

　　此后，應(yīng)將這種擴展適用通知荷蘭外交部。

　　Article 19 Any State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that this Convention shall extend to all the territories for the international relations of which it is responsible, or to one or more of them. Such a declaration shall take effect on the date of entry into force of the Convention for the State concerned.

　　At any time thereafter, such extensions shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.

　　第二十條　本公約自交存第十七條第二款規(guī)定的第三份批準書、接受書或認可書后的第三個日歷月的第一天起生效。嗣后，本公約的生效應(yīng)于：

　　批準、接受或認可本公約的每一個國家交存批準書、接受書或認可書后的第三個日歷月的第一天起;

　　每個加入公約的國家交存加入書后的第三個日歷月的第一天起;

　　每個加入公約的國家交存加入書后的第三個日歷月的第一天起;

　　根據(jù)第十九條規(guī)定對于擴展適用于公約的地區(qū)，該條所指的通知后的第三個日歷月的第一天起。

　　Article 20 This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval referred to in the second paragraph of Article 17. Thereafter the Convention shall enter into force:

　　- for each State ratifying, accepting or approving it subsequently, on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval;

　　- for each acceding State, on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of its instrument of accession;

　　- for a territory to which the Convention has been extended in conformity with Article 19, on the first day of the third calendar month after the notification referred to in that Article.

　　第二十一條　本公約自根據(jù)第二十條第一款規(guī)定的生效之日起保持五年效力，即使對后來批準、接受、認可或加入的國家亦如此。

　　如果沒有宣布退出，則應(yīng)視為默示地延展有效期，每次五年。

　　退出應(yīng)至少在五年期滿前六個月通知荷蘭外交部，退出可僅限于本公約適用的某些地區(qū)。

　　退出僅對已被通知無效的國家發(fā)生效力。本公約對其他締約國仍保持有效。

　　Article 21 This Convention shall remain in force for five years from the date of its entry into force in accordance with the first paragraph of Article 20, even for States which have ratified, accepted, approved or acceded to it subsequently.

　　If there has been no denunciation, it shall be renewed tacitly every five years.

　　Any denunciation shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, at least six months before the expiry of the five year period. It may be limited to certain of the territories to which the Convention applies.

　　The denunciation shall have effect only as regards the State which has notified it. The Convention shall remain in force for the other Contracting States.

　　第二十二條　荷蘭外交部應(yīng)將下列事項通知海牙國際私法會議的成員國以及根據(jù)第十八條加入公約的國家：

　　(1)第十七條所指的簽字、批準、接受和認可;

　　(2)根據(jù)第二十條的規(guī)定本公約生效的日期;

　　(3)第十八條所指的加入及其生效的日期;

　　(4)第十九條所指的擴展適用及其生效的日期;

　　(5)第十四條、第十六條和第十九條所指的保留、保留撤回和聲明;

　　(6)第二十一條所指的退出。

　　Article 22 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands shall notify the State Members of the Conference, and the States which have acceded in accordance with Article 18, of the following:

　　(1) the signatures and ratifications, acceptances and approvals referred to in Article 17;

　　(2) the date on which this Convention enters into force in accordance with Article 20;

　　(3) the accessions referred to in Article 18 and the dates on which they take effect;

　　(4) the extensions referred to in Article 19 and the dates on which they take effect;

　　(5) the reservations, withdrawals of reservations and declarations referred to in Articles 14, 16 and 19;

　　(6) the denunciations referred to in Article 21.

　　經(jīng)正式授權(quán)的各國代表，業(yè)已簽署本公約，以資證明。

　　1973年10月2日訂于海牙，英文和法文兩種文本具有同等效力，正式一份存放于荷蘭政府檔案館，并應(yīng)通過外交途徑，將經(jīng)過認證的副本一份送交在海牙國際私法會議第十二次會議時是該組織成員國的每一個國家。

　　In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this Convention.

　　Done at The Hague, on the 2nd day of October, 1973, in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the Netherlands, and of which a certified copy shall be sent, through the diplomatic channel, to each of the States Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law at the date of its Twelfth Session.